ANGP · Inglés profesional
Unit 1 · Looking for a job (libro New Table for Two, hostelería y restauración). Vocabulario, gramática, comprensión, entrevista, carta de presentación y CV. Explicado en español con los ejemplos en inglés. Lo marcado con + ampliado es información añadida.
📘 Libro digitalTienes todo el libro del curso (New Table for Two, 6 unidades) con sus actividades y botón de solución en el Libro digital. Esta página son tus apuntes de clase de la Unit 1.
Vocabulary · Vocabulario
Professions and duties · Profesiones y funciones
Estructura para definir una profesiónA / an ______ is someone who ______.
A waiter is someone who serves food and drinks in a bar or restaurant.
A waiter is someone who serves food and drinks in a bar or restaurant.
Para expresar responsabilidadesI'm in charge of / responsible for + noun / present participle (-ing)
- He is in charge of the kitchen staff.
- We are in charge of serving tables.
- They're responsible for the cleaning.
Word formation · Formación de palabras (sufijos)
Muchos nombres de profesión = raíz + sufijo:
| Sufijo | Ejemplos |
|---|---|
| -er / -or | teacher, actor, painter, waiter, director, professor |
| -ian | electrician, musician, politician, technician, physician |
| -ist | dentist, scientist, chemist, artist, nutritionist, biologist |
| -man / -woman | policeman, policewoman, milkman, postman, barman |
| Sin patrón | chef, cook, pilot, clown, architect, coach, model, judge, nanny, nurse, astronaut |
Adjectives to describe jobs · Adjetivos de trabajos
| Adjective | Opposite | Adjective | Opposite |
|---|---|---|---|
| hard | easy | well-paid | badly-paid |
| outdoor | indoor | temporary | permanent |
| manual | intellectual + | part-time | full-time |
| skilled | unskilled | boring | interesting |
| fast | slow |
rewarding (gratificante)demanding (exigente)routine (rutinario)stressful (estresante)dangerous (peligroso)
Para preguntar y responder
What do you do? / What's your job? / What's your profession (occupation)?
I'm a / an … · I work as a / an … → I'm a cook. / I work as a cook.
I'm a / an … · I work as a / an … → I'm a cook. / I work as a cook.
Dar tu opiniónI think that… / In my opinion, being a waiter or waitress is usually a hard and badly-paid job. It is a manual job. They work long hours and indoors.
Personal qualities · Cualidades personales
👍 Positive
organisedresponsiblecreativepatientskilledenthusiastichelpfulpoliteindependenthard-workingambitiousreliableexperienced
👎 Negative
scruffyslowlazy
🤔 It depends
obedientambitious +
Opposites with prefixes · Opuestos con prefijos
Se forman a menudo con un- / in- / im- / dis- / non-, a veces con el sufijo -less o con una palabra distinta.
| reliable → unreliable | organised → disorganised | responsible → irresponsible | patient → impatient |
| skilled → unskilled | polite → impolite | obedient → disobedient | useful → useless |
| clean → dirty | hard-working → lazy | slow → fast | dull → interesting |
OjoNo todos los adjetivos usan el mismo prefijo: un- no vale para todos. Hay que aprender cada uno.
Cualidades clave en hostelería (ideas para el ejercicio)polite, patient, organised, helpful, reliable, hard-working, team player.
Who is suitable for which job? · ¿Qué trabajo le va a cada uno?
- Mary: outgoing, hard-working, energetic → waitress.
- Tom: solves problems, resourceful, likes managing teams → manager.
- Paul: good at cooking, meticulous, creative (Cordon Bleu) → chef.
- Andrew: good memory, friendly, organised, communication skills → receptionist / waiter.
- Ella: expert in food, wines and viniculture → sommelier / wine steward.
Jobs in hospitality · Puestos en hostelería
| English | Español | What they do |
|---|---|---|
| bartender (barman / barwoman) | camarero de barra | Serves drinks and prepares cocktails in a bar |
| porter | mozo / botones | Carries the bags for hotel customers |
| kitchen porter (kitchen assistant) | auxiliar / ayudante de cocina | Washes plates and does simple jobs in the kitchen |
| wine steward (sommelier) | sumiller | Tastes and recommends wines |
| cook / chef | cocinero / jefe de cocina | The most senior cook in a restaurant is the chef |
| receptionist | recepcionista | Welcomes guests and manages bookings |
| chambermaid | camarera de pisos | Cleans and tidies up rooms in a hotel |
| events manager | responsable de eventos | Plans and devises events |
| waiting staff | personal de sala | Waiters and waitresses |
Rango · senior, junior, apprenticeSe usan para indicar la categoría. Un head / senior waiter dirige un equipo de junior / assistant waiters y bus boys (bussers: retiran los platos usados, limpian las mesas y preparan la zona para los siguientes comensales).
Did you know?Hay muchos sinónimos; a veces cambia entre inglés británico y americano; y se usan palabras francesas (sommelier, chef). Puedes usar la que prefieras.
Waiter duties and uniform · Funciones y uniforme
🍽️ Waiter duties
- Set the table (poner la mesa)
- Greet customers
- Recommend dishes
- Take the orders (food and drinks)
- Bring the bill (la cuenta)
- Refill drinks when requested
- Clear the table
🧑🍳 Waiter personal qualities +
- Friendly and attentive
- Patient and polite
- Good memory and organised
- Knows the menu and allergens
Waiters, cooks y la mayoría del personal llevan uniforme. Ejemplos: white shirt, bow tie, tea towel, apron, chef's hat.
Table items · Objetos de la mesa
🥂 Drinkware
Contenedores para bebidas.
water glasswine glassgobletscupscoffee cupcoffee pot
🍽️ Dishware
Platos y cuencos para servir y comer.
dishsoup bowlsugar bowlsaucerdinner plateside plate
🍴 Cutlery
Cuchillos, tenedores y cucharas.
forkknifedessertspoonsoup spoonsteak knifecheese knifechopsticks
Others: napkin, tablecloth
Palabras generalesCrockery (sobre todo británico): platos, tazas, fuentes… · Tableware: lo que usas en las comidas (platos, vasos, cubiertos). · Greasy spoon: restaurante pequeño y barato, poco limpio.
Laying the table · Table etiquette
Poner la mesa para un evento formal no es lo mismo que en casa: la etiqueta es una demostración visible de tus modales.
Reglas básicas
- Forks go on the left; knives and spoons on the right.
- Se empieza por los cubiertos de fuera y se va hacia el centro, plato a plato.
- Serve customers from their left and clear from the right.
- Las púas (tines) del tenedor miran hacia arriba; el filo (blade) del cuchillo mira hacia el plato.
Colocación
- The napkin is folded and placed next to the fork (on the left).
- The dessert spoon is placed above the dinner plate.
- The glasses are placed above the knife / directly above the plate.
- The side plate goes on the left, above the forks.
- Centrepieces (flores, velas, fruta) no deben ser demasiado grandes.
| Vocabulary | Meaning |
|---|---|
| service plate / charger | plato base |
| starter fork / main course fork | tenedor de entrante / de plato principal |
| starter knife / main course knife | cuchillo de entrante / de plato principal |
| soup spoon · dessert cutlery | cuchara de sopa · cubiertos de postre |
| red / white wine glass | copa de vino tinto / blanco |
Grammar · Gramática
Verbs to be and to have (got)
TO BE
| I | am (I'm) |
| you / we / they | are (aren't) |
| he / she / it | is (isn't) |
TO HAVE (GOT)
| I / you / we / they | have (got) |
| he / she / it | has (got) |
EjemplosHow old is she? She is 18. · What does Sean do? He is a cook in a new restaurant. · They run their own business, they have got a small pub in town. · David hasn't got any meat in the fridge.
Present Simple Muy importante
Cuándo se usa
- Hábitos y rutinas: I study Hotel Management. / She goes to the café every day.
- Hechos, definiciones y situaciones permanentes: Waiters serve and clear tables.
- Gustos, sentimientos y opiniones: She loves pop music.
| Forma | Ejemplo | |
|---|---|---|
| Afirmativa | sujeto + verbo (he/she/it + -s) | We cook traditional food. / He works hard. |
| Negativa | do not (don't) / does not (doesn't) + verbo | They don't work on Sundays. |
| Pregunta | Do / Does + sujeto + verbo? | Does he work in an office? — Yes, he does. / No, he doesn't. |
Ortografía de la 3.ª persona (he, she, it)
+ s
Casi todos: serve → serves, taste → tastes
+ es
Acabados en -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o: wash → washes, mix → mixes, do → does
y → ies
Consonante + y: carry → carries, try → tries, study → studies
Frequency adverbs and expressions
alwaysusuallyoftensometimesrarely / hardly evernever
- Los adverbios van antes del verbo (después del verbo to be): He always works hard. We rarely eat out.
- Las expresiones (every day, once a week, on Sundays, twice a year) van normalmente al final: I go to the café every day.
Pronunciation of the 3rd person -s + ampliado
| /s/ | /z/ | /ɪz/ (sílaba extra) |
|---|---|---|
| works, stops, walks, likes, connects | needs, drives, seems, gives, buys, cleans | washes, fixes, closes, mixes |
Feelings · verbos de gustosPositivos: like, love, enjoy, prefer. Negativos: don't / doesn't like, dislike, hate. Neutro: I don't mind.
+ sustantivo: I love iced tea. He hates pasta. We prefer tea to coffee.
+ verbo-ing (actividad): I love eating just baked bread. She hates going to the supermarket. They prefer serving food to cooking.
+ sustantivo: I love iced tea. He hates pasta. We prefer tea to coffee.
+ verbo-ing (actividad): I love eating just baked bread. She hates going to the supermarket. They prefer serving food to cooking.
Present Continuous
Se usa para
- Acciones que ocurren ahora: He is repairing the blender right now.
- Acciones temporales: Mary is training to become a cook. / I am studying English this year.
- Planes definidos para el futuro cercano: We are opening a restaurant next month. / They are meeting tomorrow night.
| Afirmativa | I am working as a waitress. (am / is / are + verbo-ing) |
|---|---|
| Negativa | He is not working at the moment. (not después del auxiliar) |
| Pregunta | Are you studying Hotel Management? — Yes, I am. / No, I'm not. |
Time expressions: now, right now, at present, today, at the moment, this week / this year…
Spelling rules for -ing
Normal
work → working, watch → watching
-e final se pierde
make → making, drive → driving
CVC: se dobla la consonante
chop → chopping, stop → stopping, put → putting
Stative verbsNo suelen usarse en continuo: verbos de sentidos (feel, hear, see), emociones (love, hate, like) y actividad mental (understand, think, believe, know). I don't like cooking exotic food (no «I'm not liking»). Algunos como think o have sí, pero cambia el significado.
Simple o continuoSimple = rutina o hecho (She works as a receptionist). Continuo = ahora o temporal (She is greeting customers now).
Relative clauses · Oraciones de relativo
Los pronombres relativos unen dos oraciones: This is a typical Spanish dish. I like it a lot. → This is the typical Spanish dish which / that I like a lot.
| Pronombre | Se usa para | Ejemplo |
|---|---|---|
| who | personas | People who prefer different specialities. |
| which | cosas | This is the bar which I prefer. |
| that | personas y cosas (solo en defining) | The food that people love. |
| whose | posesión (nunca se omite) | That is the boy whose sister is a popular chef. |
| where | lugares (no se omite ni se cambia por that) | This is the greengrocer's where I buy vegetables. |
| when | tiempo (a veces se omite) | Friday is the day when we dine out. |
DEFINING
Dan información esencial. Sin comas. Se puede usar that. El pronombre puede omitirse si es complemento.
Ice cream is a type of food (which / that) people love.
NON-DEFINING
Añaden información extra. Entre comas. No se usa that y el pronombre no se puede omitir.
The new recipe, which is really easy, is perfect for me.
WhomSe usa en lugar de who con preposición y es más formal: The man to whom you are speaking is the manager (formal) / The man (who) you are speaking to is the manager (informal).
Prepositions of place and time
📍 Place (poner la mesa)
- on the left / on the right of the plate
- next to the fork
- above / under the plate
- between the plate and the glasses
- directly above the knife
⏰ Time: AT · ON · IN
- at: horas (at half past three), at night, at the weekend, at Christmas, at the moment
- on: días y fechas (on Monday, on Friday morning, on June 2nd, on weekdays, on Christmas Day)
- in: meses, años, estaciones, siglos, partes del día (in June, in 1984, in winter, in the morning, in autumn)
| Preposition | Uso | Example |
|---|---|---|
| for | duración (+ periodo) | for a year, for an hour |
| since | desde un punto en el tiempo | since Monday, since 10 o'clock |
| from … to | principio y fin | from Monday to Friday |
| during | cuándo ocurre algo | during the holidays, during the night |
| until / till | hasta cuándo dura | until Wednesday, till 2020 |
| after / before | después / antes de | after school, before Easter |
| in + periodo futuro | dentro de… | in two months, in three minutes |
CuidadoAntes de tomorrow, next, this, every no se usa preposición: Telephone me tomorrow. I'm starting a course next Monday.
Skills · Destrezas
Reading · How to be a good waiter
Resumen del texto (Waiters and tips): el sueldo del personal de sala no es alto, pero se pueden conseguir propinas (tips) con un buen servicio.
😊 Be friendly
Sé amable y atento; haz que se sientan bienvenidos. Preséntate enseguida y mantén eye contact.
📋 Be a menu expert
Estudia la carta, conoce las entrées, los specials, los precios y si contienen lácteos u otros alérgenos. Recomienda lo que te gusta.
🍷 Beverages
Toma pronto el pedido de bebidas y sabe abrir bien una botella de vino.
📝 Taking the order
Escucha, anótalo con detalle y repítelo a la mesa. Revisa el plato antes de que salga.
Vocabulary from the textentrée = plato servido antes del principal · specials = los mejores platos del día · dairy = productos lácteos · beverages = bebidas · check = revisar · allergic = que te hace sentir mal · attentive = atento · tip = propina.
Speaking · Job interview
Before the interview
- Know where it is and how to get there
- Get information about the company
- Dress properly: neat and tidy, not too much perfume or jewellery
At the interview
- Relax and be yourself
- Maintain eye contact
- Mention your qualifications and skills
- Be honest and sincere
- No negative comments about past jobs
- Be positive: focus on your strengths
- Mind your body language: smile
- Be punctual: arrive 10–15 minutes in advance
FAQs · Preguntas frecuentes y respuestas
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Tell us something about your previous job. | I worked part-time serving drinks in a small bar. |
| Are you available at anytime? | Yes, I can start right now. |
| What are your interests? | I love sports, reading and travelling. |
| Why do you want to work for us? | Because this is a very popular restaurant in London. |
| Describe your strengths. | I'm responsible and hard-working. |
Role play: qué prepara cada parteInterviewers: datos personales, por qué ese bar/restaurante/hotel, experiencia, cualidades (strengths and weaknesses), trabajo en equipo, salario esperado, disponibilidad, preguntas. Applicant: responder a lo mismo (motivación, último trabajo, cualidades, turnos, salario…).
Writing · CV and cover letter
RecruitmentProceso de buscar candidatos. Los anuncios están en Internet, periódicos, job centres… Para conseguir el trabajo: apply → envías CV + cover letter → quizá interview. El CV y la carta crean la primera impresión.
📄 Cover letter (3–4 párrafos)
- 1.er párrafo: el puesto al que te presentas y dónde viste el anuncio.
- 2.º: cuándo puedes empezar.
- 3.º: por qué te interesa el trabajo y qué sabes de la empresa.
- 4.º: resumen de tus puntos fuertes.
- Final: agradece y di que esperas su respuesta.
Dear Sir or Madam (si no sabes el nombre) → Yours faithfully. Si sabes el nombre (Dear Mr. / Ms. …) → Yours sincerely.
🧾 CV (Curriculum Vitae)
- Personal details (y cómo contactarte)
- Education (lo más reciente primero)
- Work experience y puestos de responsabilidad
- Skills: idiomas, informática…
- Interests
- Referees (referencias)
CV = Curriculum Vitae (inglés británico). En inglés americano: résumé.
Frases útiles de la cartaI am writing in reply to your online advertisement for the position of junior cook. · I enclose my CV as requested. · I am available for an interview at any time. · I look forward to hearing from you. · Thank you for your attention.
Listening · John and Tricia
Diálogo entre John (estudiante de Cocina Profesional en una escuela de Londres) y su amiga Tricia. Preguntas de comprensión del libro: son amigos; John está en periodo de prácticas en un restaurante; Tricia trabaja mucho; piensan que están aprendiendo mucho. Meses después, John busca trabajo: encontrarlo es difícil, lee anuncios en periódicos y en Internet y navega por Internet a diario.
Las respuestas exactas dependen del audio; revisa el tuyo para confirmarlas.
Repaso
Fuente
Material original
Contenido tomado de «ingles tema 1» (25 páginas fotografiadas del libro New Table for Two, Unit 1 Looking for a job, con tus respuestas manuscritas). Algunas partes escritas a mano o con baja calidad se han completado con las respuestas más lógicas, marcadas con +.